The island of Saipan in part of the Mariana Islands lies southeast of Tokyo at a distance of 1,450 miles. Its capture was always part of War Plan Orange because of its strategic importance. The capture of the Marianas (Saipan, Tinian, Rota, and Guam) ensured an open sea lane for logistics support from the mainland United States. Guam became one of the major supply depots in the Pacific from August 1944 to the war’s conclusion. Even today every branch of the US military operates out of Guam – notably Submarine Squadron 15/Los Angeles Class fast attack submarines and Seal Team One.
However the real prizes were Saipan and Tinian. Their location allowed the US and Allies to build multiple airfields for the B-29 Superfortress bomber which initiated sustained bombing of Tokyo and the Japanese home islands for the first time.
While Guam had been a U.S. colony, Saipan had been a Japanese colony since it was ceded to Empire of Japan by the League of Nations as a part of its mandated territory of the South Seas Mandate that transferred all Pacific territories to WWI allies – of which Japan technically was one.
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