The Vietnamese Martyrs

Beware of men, for they will hand you over to courts and scourge you in their synagogues, and you will be led before governors and kings for my sake as a witness before them and the pagans” (Mt 10:17-18)

Today we celebrate the martyrdom of Fr. Andrew-Dung-Lac and Companions. The title of the memorial is a bit misleading – its title follows the tradition of the General Roman Calendar. But in other places and times the name of the celebration is known as a feast dedicated to the Vietnamese Martyrs, the Martyrs of Annam, the Martyrs of Tonkin and Cochinchina, or the Martyrs of Indochina.

What is being remembered today is perhaps the most deadly of all Catholic persecutions. During a period from 1745-1862, the Vatican estimates that 300,000 to 400,000 of the faithful were martyred.The final 30 years were particularly brutal.  There are 117 names that are known, and alphabetically Andrew Dung-Lac begins the list.

The letters and example of Fr. Théophane Vénard (Paris Foreign Mission Society) inspired the young Saint Thérèse of Lisieux to volunteer for the Carmelite nunnery at Hanoi, though she ultimately contracted tuberculosis and could not go.

The tortures these individuals underwent are considered by the Vatican to be among the worst in the history of Christian martyrdom. The torturers hacked off limbs joint by joint, tore flesh with red hot tongs, and used drugs to enslave the minds of the victims. Christians at the time were branded on the face with the words “tả đạo” meaning “sinister religion”. Families and villages which professed Christianity were obliterated. “The souls of the just are in the hand of God, and no torment shall touch them. (Wisdom 3:1). 

When I read of the faithful and heroic people such as these, I often recall the words of St. Francis of Assisi: “It is a great shame for us, the servants of God, that the Saints have accomplished great things and we only want to receive glory and honor by recounting them.” (Admonition 6) 

Pope John Paul II canonized the 117 martyrs together on June 19, 1988. At the time, the Vatican said, the communist government of Vietnam did not permit a single representative from the country to attend the canonization. But 8,000 Vietnamese Catholics from the diaspora were there, “filled with joy to be the children of this suffering Church.” (Catholic News Agency)


Image credit: This work of art was displayed at St. Peter’s on the occasion of the Vatican’s Celebration of the Canonization of 117 Vietnamese Martyrs on July 19, 1988. | Credit: Public domain

Saints, Believers and Holy Ones

During the first 300 year of the Christian church, the people of God endured periods of peace, but also extended periods of persecution. Especially in the local churches, each generation remembered the martyrs and the leaders who exemplified the faith. By the fourth century these women and men were honored in liturgies that commemorated their passing into God’s bright glory. In time, churches were named to honor their memory, sometimes even built on their tombs. And in time relics were collected and honored.

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St. Augustine of Hippo

Today is the Feast Day of St. Augustine of Hippo and perhaps it is good for a quick refresher of this person that so influenced Christianity. He was born in Thagaste, in Roman North Africa (present-day Algeria), growing up with his mother, Monica, was a devout Christian, while his father remained a pagan until late in life. His early life did not follow in his mother’s faith tradition, rather he pursued studies in rhetoric and philosophy, eventually teaching in Carthage, Rome, and Milan. His was the pursuit of truth which he sought in various philosophies and religious movements – none of which seemed to address his greater questions. In the interim, as was the tradition of the day, he was – shall we say – morally unsettled. Meanwhile his mother prayed for his conversion.

At the age of 31 he was moved by the preaching of St. Ambrose in Milan and by an experience of divine prompting while reading Scripture. It was in this period that he remarked: “Lord make me chaste, but not just yet” – a good indication of the on-going internal struggle. Soon enough Augustine was baptized and soon returned to North Africa founding a monastic community. He was later ordained a priest, becoming bishop of Hippo (North Africa) four years later, a position he held for 35 years.

Here are five pivotal moments in Augustine’s life and the impact of these moments that resonant even up to today:

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What kind of person…what kind of community

This coming Sunday the Church celebrates the Solemnity of Saints Peter and Paul.  As we noted at the beginning, a large part of the Matthean narrative is devoted to questions: (a) who is Jesus, (b) what does it mean to be his disciples in the light of his identity, and (c) what choices will you make because of his call.  Those are questions that could be asked of the community as well as the individual.  Fr. Ronald Rolheiser  makes that point well in his reflection “The Width of Our Ecclesial Embrace”


Nikos Kazantsakis once said “the bosom of God is not a ghetto, but our hearts often are.” So too, sadly, are our ecclesiologies.

In church circles today, both liberal and conservative, our ecclesiologies are often anything but inclusive and Catholic (“Catholic” meaning wide and universal). We are pretty selective as to whom we consent to worship with and to whom we will accord the grace and wisdom of God. We tend to pick our fellow-worshippers along ideological lines rather than along the lines that Jesus suggests and we are getting ever more fastidious. More and more within our churches the sincere are divided from the sincere and the old tensions that used to exist between denominations now also exist within each denomination.

Given all of this, it can be helpful to reground ourselves in a critical truth that Jesus revealed.

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Pope Leo’s Dad

Pope Leo comes from a Navy family! Pope Leo XIV’s father, Louis Marius Prevost, served in the Navy during World War II. After graduating from college, he was commissioned in November 1943 and became the executive officer of a tank landing ship. He participated in the D-Day landings in Normandy, France, June 6, 1944, as part of Operation Overlord. He also commanded an infantry landing craft, which the Allies used to land infantry soldiers and Marines onto beaches during the war.

The Normandy coastline did not have the port capacity for the enormous number of materials needed to keep the Allied momentum going. The Navy subsequently sent Prevost and other landing ships to southern France, as part of Operation Dragoon beginning Aug. 15, 1944.

Prevost spent 15 months overseas and attained the rank of lieutenant junior grade before the war in Europe finally ended, May 8, 1945.


Credit: By David Vergun, DOD News

St. Matthias

According to the Acts of the Apostles, chosen by God through the apostles to replace Judas Iscariot following the latter’s betrayal of Jesus and his subsequent death. His calling as an apostle is unique, in that his appointment was not made personally by Jesus (who had already ascended into heaven), and it came before the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the early Church.

There is no mention of a Matthias among the lists of disciples or followers of Jesus in the three synoptic gospels, but according to Acts, he had been with Jesus from his baptism by John the Baptist until Jesus’ Ascension. In the days following, Peter proposed that the assembled disciples, who numbered about 120, nominate two men to replace Judas. 

So they proposed two, Joseph called Barsabbas, who was also known as Justus, and Matthias. Then they prayed, “You, Lord, who know the hearts of all, show which one of these two you have chosen to take the place in this apostolic ministry from which Judas turned away to go to his own place.” Then they gave lots to them, and the lot fell upon Matthias, and he was counted with the eleven apostles.”(Acts 1:24-25)

No further information about Matthias is to be found in the canonical New Testament.

All information concerning the ministry and death of Matthias is vague and contradictory. The tradition of the Greeks says that St. Matthias spread Christianity around Cappadocia and on the coasts of the Caspian Sea.  According to the historian Nicephorus, Matthias first preached the Gospel in Judaea, then what is modern-day Georgia. There he was crucified. A book known as the Coptic Acts of Andrew and Matthias, places his activity similarly in the modern Georgian region of Adjara where Matthias is buried.

Another tradition maintains that Matthias was stoned at Jerusalem by the local populace, and then was beheaded. According to Hippolytus of Rome, Matthias died of old age in Jerusalem.

Holy Water

An empty church in Heerlen, Netherlands, is set to receive a second life, with plans underway to convert the vacant building into a public swimming pool called Holy Water. The St. Francis of Assisi Church was last used as a space for religious activity in 2023, and Dutch architecture firms MVRDV and Zecc Architecten were tapped to design the renovation of the building. The plans will preserve the church’s historic features while giving it a new way to serve the community.

The project’s website says: “A swimming pool will be added to the nave, and current designs show the pool with an adjustable flooring to create different depths. If raised all the way for special events, the floor will hold a shallow layer of water to create the illusion of walking on water while reflecting the interior of the church.”

In the United States, the Catholic Church learned to remove all religious elements of a church once it is deconsecrated. There were stories of an early sale of a church in Portland where the the space was turned into a night club and the confessionals become “phone booths.” Could be apocryphal, but it is something to consider.

One person speculated that the pews would become pool-side benches, the ambo/pulpit a lifeguard stand, the confessionals changing booths, and the list went on.

It is sad that the facility is not longer needed or maintained as a church. But as a former competitive swimmer….

The Mother Church

Today is the Feast Day of the Dedication of the Lateran Basilica in Rome. The Lateran Basilica in Rome is not the oldest church in Rome – that honor seems to belong Santi Quattro Coronati (314); but then that depends on what sources you believe. Old St. Peter’s, the original church on the spot where the current St. Peter’s stands dates to 324, the same year as St. Lorenzo and St. John Lateran.  While many people think that St. Peter’s is the “home church” of the Pope, in fact, the Lateran Basilica is the Cathedral of the Diocese of Rome – the place from where the Bishop of Rome, Pope Francis, leads his diocese even as he leads the church universal. Continue reading

Lord of the Miracles

Lord of Miracles PaintingThe Lord of Miracles (Señor de los Milagros) is an image painted of Jesus Christ that is venerated in Lima, Peru. The image was painted during the 17th century by Benito or Pedro Dalcon, an African taken from what is now Angola to Peru as a slave. An annual procession commemorating the image occurs every October. It is one of the oldest Catholic traditions in Peru. It is one of the largest religious processions in the world. Continue reading

St. Irenaeus of Lyon

Today is the feast day of St. Irenaeus of Lyon, a 2nd century bishop and theologians in France. He is noted for his role in guiding and expanding Christian communities in the southern regions of present-day France and, more widely, for the development of Christian theology by combating Gnostic interpretations of Scripture as heresy. Included with this post are two videos. The first is an overview of the life of St. Irenaus. The second is a more detailed video on Irenaeus presented by Bishop Barron. Enjoy. Continue reading