Different Sermons

The gospel for this coming Sunday, the 6th Sunday, Year C is St. Luke’s version of the Matthean “Sermon on the Mount”, referred to as the Sermon on the Plain. Lest one presume that they are simply copies of one another, it should be noted that there are differences between the Sermons. They share significant overlap as both sermons convey Jesus’ teachings on the Kingdom of God and ethics. Yet, there are key differences. For example, in Matthew the Sermon on the Mount takes place “on the mountain”  (Matthew 5:1) while in Luke’s narrative the sermon is delivered “on a stretch of level ground” (which does not preclude that the level ground is in a mountainous region). 

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Into the Deep

“Put out into deep water and lower your nets for a catch.”(Luke 5:4)

My tale begins during my first summer at the US Naval Academy. There are two kinds of people who come to plebe summer – them’s that can swim and them’s that can’t.  I was one of the former. I had swum competitively since I was 12 years old, surfed since about the same age, and so swimming and water was as natural to me as breathing.  I had two classmates in my group. Jack was from Chicago’s south side and had never been in a pool, much less Lake Michigan nor the ocean.  Joe was from the Great Plains of the Midwest – and he had at least seen the ocean once.  Jack and Joe had two months to learn how to swim.  They were assigned to the group known as the “sub squad” [sub = substandard] which given their propensity to sink and sink quite suddenly, was a group aptly named. Over the next four years at the Naval Academy I was often asked to mentor folks on the swimming “sub squad” and it seems to me that there were four stages of progression:

  • Stage 1 – the on-shore talk where our erstwhile swimmers could hear the word, some basic do’s and don’ts.  Then moved by inspiring and spiriting words we moved (hopefully) to… 
  • Stage 2 – clinging to the side of the pool where there was some measure of safety, where one could get one’s feet wet – so to speak.  Maybe put a face in the water, practice blowing bubbles, kicking, and all sorts of preliminary things. Eventually came…
  • Stage 3 – Those tentative movements of arms and limbs resembling the near occasion of swimming, the gasping for air, stopping to put one’s feet on the sure ground of the shallow end, and then repeating it all again – encouraged by empathetic and compassionate instruction.

Some never left Stage 1 and soon enough they concluded that a naval career was not for them, forever staying on the shore.  Chicago Jack was one of those folks.  Some never graduated from Stage 2.  There was never enough trust to let go and believe in the word.  Stage 2 folks left within a year.  Most people made it to stage three – the near occasion of swimming – and were destined to complete the training marked by a 40 minute swim in uniform.  But none more interesting than Jack from the Great Plains.

Jack seemed to linger in the shallow end.  Plebe Summer was coming to an end.  Our upperclass squad leader was threatening him with unnamed and unspoken dire consequences – and berating me for some perceived lack of swimming acumen. Well it was a desperate time. Empathy and compassion were out. It was time for questioning his fortitude and courage. Yes… time for nautical trash talk.

In Naval Academy slang, a Puddle Pirate is a dismissive term for wanna-be sailors who spend their days on closed waters within sight of land, and their nights in bars telling sea stories of their exploits on Lake Right-Outside-of-Town.  The shallow end of the Naval Academy swimming pool was pure Puddle Pirate territory.  Destiny, courage, fortitude – all these things lay in the deep end where one was transformed from mere mortal to Blue Water Sailor.  Those mythic iron men in wooden ships who plowed the uncharted water far and wide.  Who ventured out where the navigation charts stopped and were simply marked “beyond here be sea dragons, denizens of the deep, and all kinds of creatures fearsome and deadly.”  Jack, invited into the deep waters, was transformed. He learned to swim and even joined the Academy sailing squadron, crewing the large yawls that ventured out to open water.  From Puddle Pirate to Blue Water Sailor.

There are two kinds of people in today’s Gospel – the crowd, who at the beginning of the Gospel press in upon Jesus, eager to hear the Word – but they never leave the shore. They never leave the known for the unknown.  They never trust.  The moment passes.  And then there is Peter, Andrew, James and John – who heard the challenge to “Put out into deep water and lower your nets for a catch.”  No passive hearers of the Word, they put out into the deep – and lives were changed.

Each one of us has our own moment when the Call comes. When we are called to put out into the deep.   Growing up in Florida led me to the water and the ocean. The Naval Academy led to the submarine service, into the uncharted blue waters of the world’s oceans. But it was always known territory.  But the call comes – it is different for everyone, but as we have heard in the last two weeks of readings, we have all been gifted by God. And God comes a calling, calling us to “Put out into deep water and lower your nets for a catch.”

For me it was into the blue waters called mission and the slums of Kenya where water was scarce and anything but blue.  And all my tentative movements of what I thought was faith and Christian life, was cast away as so much flotsam and jetsam.  I had to unlearn what I knew and trust in God – trust in a people whose language I did not yet speak. I was in over my head. But time and the tides have their own way of sweeping one into the rhythms of God.  My life changed. Now I see what plan God had for my gifts – but I never would have seen them from the shore or the shallows. Only in the deep water does it become clear.

I can’t tell your story. But I can shed the light of the Gospel upon it. And let you hear what so many before you have heard “Put out into deep water and lower your nets for a catch.”  Be seized by grace and dive into the unknown. Like Isaiah in the first reading, like Paul the second, and like the Apostles in the Gospel – do not be afraid, leave everything and follow Jesus.  Puddle Pirate or Blue Water Sailor.  The hearer of the Word who never leaves shore or the one who casts off for the deep at the command of Jesus. Your call will come. Venture beyond the charts and be transformed. It is the adventure of one’s life.

Catching Men

This coming weekend is the 5th Sunday of Ordinary Time. Here at the end of this pericope, Jesus tells Peter: “from now on you will be catching men. Literally, the next line reads: “from the now, you shall be catching alive (zogreo) people.” The similar phrase in Matthew and Mark reads: “I will make you (to become) fishermen [halieus] of people.” (This word for “fishermen” is used in v. 2 of our text.)

The Greek verb translated “catching alive” is a compound word: zoos = “alive, living” + agreo = “capture, catch”. (This is a verb closely related to agra used in vv. 4 and 9 about “catching” the fish). Classically, it also came to mean, “to restore to life and strength, to revive.”  Maybe a more literal translation might lead us to a sense of this verse as something like “You will be restoring people to life and strength.”   This is perhaps a more captivating thought to people who don’t want to be caught in a net… but what about being “caught up in his or her love” or “captured” by love. Being caught in this way can make us feel really alive and energized – captivated!  By the end of our text, Peter and some of his friends are captivated by Jesus. They leave everything and follow him. (Stoffregen)

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Hospitality

The first reading today from the Letter to the Hebrews carries an oft quoted verse: “Do not neglect hospitality, for through it some have unknowingly entertained angels.” (Hebrews 13:2) All cultures have their own sense and operation of hospitality. I think most of us grew up is homes wherein hospitality was rarely taught but always on display. So, it is an interesting experience to live in a culture where the dynamics of hospitality are different. Such was my experience while living in Kenya.

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Calling Fishermen?

This coming weekend is the 5th Sunday of Ordinary Time. Jesus said to Simon, “Do not be afraid; from now on you will be catching men.” 11 When they brought their boats to the shore, they left everything and followed him.

Many bibles add a small title to this account: “Calling Fisherman.” In the parallel accounts found in Mark 1:16-20 and Matthew 4:18-22, Jesus calls out to Peter, Andrew, James and John, “Come after me, and I will make you fishers of men.” Luke’s tradition tells us a, perhaps, more nuanced account.

Upon a close reading, one sees that Jesus never says “come,” “follow,” or any thing that would be taken as a discipleship command. It is not that Jesus does not take such direct action in Luke’s gospel. Later Jesus will give the command, “Follow me,” to Levi the tax collector (5:27), who like these fishermen, “leaves everything and follows him” (5:11, 28). Rather Luke seems to intend something other than a call story here.  It is really a proclamation story. Rather than calling Simon and the others, perhaps Jesus announces to Simon (and only to Simon) what Simon will now be doing (v. 10, “from now on you will be catching men.”). Although the task is similar, the words are different from the call stories in Matthew and Mark. 

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A Phenomenal Catch

This coming weekend is the 5th Sunday of Ordinary Time. In the scene where Jesus calls Peter, we have a  carpenter’s son giving commands to this crew of experienced fishermen – the result is a phenomenal catch of fish. Many scholars give lots of attention to the parallels with John 21:4-8 and, while interesting, is distracting. The Johannine setting is after Jesus’ Resurrection and points to the mission of the Church. This Lucan scene is at the beginning of Jesus’ ministry and points to the initial reception of those who would be disciples.

Jesus tells Simon to put into deep waters (v.4), but following that, all Jesus’ words are in the plural, directed to those in the boat along with Peter – yet it is Peter (his boat?) who responds. At the most simple level this scene captures an ancient Christian understanding: the Church as the “bark of salvation” and Peter in command – where even if others doubt, Peter’s attitude is “Jesus said it. I believe it. We’re doing this.” Simon shows what St. Paul will call “the obedience of faith.” It was certainly not reason or experience that motivated him to cast his nets back into the water at the instigation of this carpenter from the hill country. Fishing was best at night; if nothing had been caught, daytime fishing was pointless. 

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Teaching the Crowds

This coming weekend is the 5th Sunday of Ordinary Time. Prior to Jesus calling the first disciples, he was already at the lakeside teaching.

1 While the crowd was pressing in on Jesus and listening to the word of God, he was standing by the Lake of Gennesaret. 2 He saw two boats there alongside the lake; the fishermen had disembarked and were washing their nets. 3 Getting into one of the boats, the one belonging to Simon, he asked him to put out a short distance from the shore. Then he sat down and taught the crowds from the boat. 4 After he had finished speaking, he said to Simon, “Put out into deep water and lower your nets for a catch.”

Twice in this section “the crowd” is mentioned. Who are they? They are people who come to Jesus to hear the word of God (v. 1). They are people who are taught by Jesus (v. 3), but are they people willing to leave everything and follow Jesus (v. 11)? In our text, there is a difference between the crowd (ochlos) and the fishermen (halieus). The crowd listens to Jesus. The fishermen act. The crowd stays on the land. The fishermen will go out into the deep. At first, Jesus and Simon go out just “a little way from the shore.” Later Jesus will ask Simon to go out to the deep water. Could these be images of different levels of trust in Jesus — the safety of the land, the slightly more dangerous position of being “a short distance from the shore,” and the quite dangerous position of being out in deep waters?

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The Nash Equilibrium and Tariffs

I suspect many of you have seen and remember the 2001 movie, A Beautiful Mind, starring Russel Crowe as the American John Nash. Nash won a Nobel Prize  in Economics for his game theory – popularly known as the Nash Equilibrium. There are initial conditions for the “game” but that is probably only of interest to folks familiar with game theory. The Nash Equilibrium basically says, e.g. you have three players in the game – let’s say Canada, Mexico, and the United States. If each player has chosen a strategy – an action plan based on what has happened so far in the game – and no one can increase one’s own expected payoff by changing one’s strategy while the other players keep theirs unchanged, then the current set of strategy choices constitutes a Nash equilibrium.

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Writing with Intent

This coming weekend is the 5th Sunday of Ordinary Time in which St. Luke described the calling of the first disciples. Christian tradition and popular biblical opinion is that St. Luke was a physician. I occupy the minority camp on that matter. There have been lots of studies comparing his writing and language to known physicians of his age. There is nothing about this Gospel (or Acts of the Apostles) that points to a physician. But as many have pointed out, there is a lot that points to another occupation: rhetorical historian (and yes, he could have been both…). As the rhetorical historian, he writes with a purpose and intent. Green [230] writes: “Within his overall narrative strategy, the initial purpose of this episode is to secure for Luke’s audience the nature of appropriate response to the ministry of Jesus. Simon’s obedience and declaration of his sinfulness, and especially the final note that Simon, James, and John “left everything and followed” contrast both with the earlier “amazement” of the crowds and with the questions and opposition characteristic of the Pharisees and teachers of the law in the later episodes of this chapter. His further statement, “Go away from me, Lord,” contrasts even more sharply with attempts by people at Nazareth and Capernaum, as it were, to keep Jesus to themselves.”

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Franciscan Martyrs of Georgia

Many years ago I met Fr. Conrad Harkins OFM. Conrad was a friar of Holy Name Province (my province before the recent merger of the United States Franciscan OFM provinces and taught at Franciscan University in Steubenville, Ohio. When he learned I was from the south, he was eager to share that was the postulator for the five Franciscans that were martyred in 1597 near modern-day Eulonia, Georgia. The postulator is the person assigned to begin the cause of sainthood. They are responsible for gathering evidence and presenting a case to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints at the Vatican to initiate the process of beatification and canonization.

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