Why do bad things happen?

This coming Sunday is the 3rd Sunday in Lent, Year C. In the previous post we considered the series of admonitions and warnings that Jesus offered to the disciples, highlighting that whatever the cauldron of life brings their way, never doubt the providential care of God. And so don’t be consumed by worrying about earthly concerns, but bear fruit in what matters to God.

At the start of the gospel narrative, people bring Jesus an account of Pilate’s horrific actions among the Galileans. The Jewish historian Flavius Josephus describes Pontius Pilate in two key passages in his work Antiquities of the Jews (written around 93–94 AD). His depiction presents Pilate as a harsh and insensitive ruler, often clashing with Jewish customs and provoking unrest. Josephus recounts how Pilate offended Jewish religious sensitivities by bringing Roman military standards bearing the emperor’s image into Jerusalem. This was seen as idolatrous by the Jewish people, who protested intensely. Eventually, Pilate was forced to remove the standards to avoid a larger uprising. Later, when Pilate sought to fund a new aqueduct in Jerusalem using money from the Temple treasury the Jewish populace protested. Pilate responded by sending disguised soldiers into the crowd, who violently suppressed the demonstrators, leading to many deaths.

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Admonitions

This coming Sunday is the 3rd Sunday in Lent, Year C.  For parishes with active RCIA programs it is also the beginning of the Lenten Scrutinies when the catechumens/elect (those awaiting baptism) are present at Mass. The presider has the option to use the readings from Year A. So, if this Sunday you are wondering why the Johannine gospel of Jesus’ encounter with a Samaritan woman at the well is proclaimed, you’ll know why! In this post we will stay with the Year C readings.

Coming as it does on this Sunday in Lent, out of sequence with the narrative flow of Luke’s gospel, we would do well to consider the verses that precede our gospel pericope.

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A Reflection and Final Thought

Annemarie Reiner (of Adelaide, Australia) posted this reflection on the Transfiguration on her blog “Who Do You Say That I Am.”  It is a very nice reflection to consider in this Lenten Season.

When we look at our Gospel today we can understand why daily reflection is so important. These three disciples (and the rest of them) didn’t get who Jesus was until well after his death. They didn’t understand what had happened at the transfiguration. They didn’t understand what was happening as they witnessed Jesus’ life. They didn’t understand what was happening at the crucifixion. But they kept pondering their experiences over and over – if they didn’t we simply wouldn’t have the New Testament.

So what do we learn from this?

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Grace, Conversion and Anger

It is quite usual to hear someone confess the sin of anger. After all anger (or wrath) is one of the seven deadly sins. I might ask the person if they think their anger was justified and impacted a righteous cause. For example, someone cuts you off in traffic in a dangerous way, you are instantly upset, perhaps even angry, but you take a deep breath and move on with your day. Was that a sin? It was certainly a temptation to sin, but that temptation came along wrapped in grace.  On that day you chose grace and let the anger pass. This leads me to think about grace, temptation, sin and what Jesus is trying to convey in today’s gospel where murder and calling someone a fool end up in the same verse.

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A moment in Time

The ideas are taken from a reflection in Culpepper’s treatment of The Transfiguration in the Gospel of Luke [The Gospel of Luke, 207-208]. He makes the point that over the course of the history of Christianity, mystics and saints have lived lives of disciplined piety in hopes of experiencing such a beatific vision of Jesus such as the three apostles experienced on the mountain top. But many of us have had moments we are unable to explain when we felt the presence of God, not on the mountain top, but in the ordinary of the day. Or perhaps in an extraordinary moment of life – a retreat, a graveside – moments when the nature of God is somehow just a little more clear even as it remains transcendent.

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Peter’s Response

This coming Sunday the gospel reading is Luke’s version of the Transfiguration of Jesus. 

32 Peter and his companions had been overcome by sleep, but becoming fully awake, they saw his glory and the two men standing with him. 33 As they were about to part from him, Peter said to Jesus, “Master, it is good that we are here; let us make three tents, one for you, one for Moses, and one for Elijah.” But he did not know what he was saying. 

As before, Peter again responds, again without a full understanding.  Consider Peter’s proposal to make three tents (skēnḗ; also “booth” or “tabernacle”). What did he intend? It has been variously understood as traveler’s hut, the “tent of meeting” where God spoke with Moses outside the camp (Exod 33:7), a more formal tent used in the Festival of Booths (cf. Lev 23:42–43; Zech 14:16ff), and even as the Jerusalem Temple tabernacle.  It is this last image that Luke may have in mind as background – notwithstanding Peter’s intention.  It is the Temple tabernacle where the Shekinah, the fiery cloud that symbolized the continuing presence of God among the people, dwelt over the ark of the covenant.  The response to Peter’s proposal is three-fold (Boring, 364)

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Moses and Elijah

This coming Sunday the gospel reading is Luke’s version of the Transfiguration of Jesus. 

30 And behold, two men were conversing with him, Moses and Elijah, 31 who appeared in glory and spoke of his exodus that he was going to accomplish in Jerusalem. 

The presence of Elijah and Moses has been much discussed by various scholars. (1) Do they represent the different kinds of life endings (burial versus being taken up to God)? (2) Is their presence an indication of endorsement by great prophets and wonderworkers of old? (3) Is Jesus the fulfillment of the law (Moses) and the prophets (Elijah) – and so listen to him? (4) Or is it that Moses points to the expected great-prophet-like Moses, while Elijah suggests the eschaton’s (end days) arrival – roles fulfilled in Jesus.

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The Word Unleashed

We are here in the first week of Lent and the collection of first readings so far this week have emphasized the Word of God. On Monday, the Word comes from God through his prophet Moses where he instructs the people about the meaning of God’s intentions couched in the Ten Commandments. In yesterday’s first reading we hear from the prophet Isaiah: “So shall my word be that goes forth from my mouth; It shall not return to me void, but shall do my will, achieving the end for which I sent it.” (Isaiah 55:11) I find that such a hopeful pronouncement that there will be a day when God’s word will be fully realized in each one of us. We will fully understand God’s intention and purpose in the Commandments and fully integrate that into our very being and in the life we live.

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Praying on the Mountain

This coming Sunday the gospel reading is Luke’s version of the Transfiguration of Jesus. 

28 About eight days after he said this, he took Peter, John, and James and went up the mountain to pray.

Characteristically Luke tells us that Jesus went to the mountain to pray. This is a key motif in the Lucan narrative. In the gospel and in Acts, Luke continually points to people achieving the proper attitude and posture before God through the discipline of prayer which Luke repeatedly highlights. He has two principal ways of doing this: 

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Who is this Jesus?

This coming Sunday the gospel reading is Luke’s version of the Transfiguration of Jesus. The question that begs for an answer in the Lukan narrative is: who is this Jesus? It is the question that Herod asks, it is the question that the people are considering; it is the question that Jesus asks of his followers (“who do you say that I am”). In the Transfiguration scene, Luke provides a framework that lets the reader know it is less “an answer” but more a revelation that will only unfold in time. Joel Green’s [The Gospel of Luke, 377] insight here is informative:

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