Helpless and Hopeful

hopeblock1Monday morning, I was on my way to the retirement home of some Franciscan Sisters to celebrate the Solemnity of the Assumption. On the front seat next to me was my cell phone; it made the buzzing sound it does when a text has come in. It was 10:43 am. Something told me to pull over to the side of the street. The text was only three words: “Water in house.”

Friends living in Prairieville, LA, on a canal of the Amite River had been cautiously, hopefully watching the waters levels rise. They had been watching the news from north of Baton Rouge – and upstream of their location. It was horrific news for the people in those areas. But there was hope. My friends had built their new home on higher ground. But the forecast for the flood crest kept being adjusted upward. Continue reading

Aligning love of neighbor

greatest-commandment2“Teacher, which commandment in the law is the greatest?” He said to him, “You shall love the Lord, your God, with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind. This is the greatest and the first commandment. The second is like it: You shall love your neighbor as yourself. The whole law and the prophets depend on these two commandments.” (Mt 22:36-40) Continue reading

Being saved: reflection

narrowdoorAlan Culpepper, at the end of his commentary [277-78], provides an interesting story from Franz Kafka:

His parable “Before the Law” is the story of a man from the country who seeks admission to the Law. When the doorkeeper tells him he may not enter, he looks through the open door, but the doorkeeper warns him that he is just the first of a series of doorkeepers, each one more terrible than the one before. So the man waits for the doorkeeper’s permission to enter. For days and then years, the man talks with the doorkeeper, answers his questions, and attempts to bribe him, but with no success. The doorkeeper takes the man’s bribes, saying he is only doing so in order that the man will not think he has neglected anything. As the man lies dying, he sees a radiance streaming from the gateway to the Law. Thinking of one question he has not asked, he beckons the doorkeeper and asks him why in all those years no one else has come to that gate. The doorkeeper responds: “No one else could ever be admitted here, since this gate was made only for you. Now I am going to shut it.”

Continue reading

Being saved: how many

narrowdoorHow many will be saved? Jesus does not answer directly, but urges his questioner and others (“Strive” is plural) to make sure that they are in the number, however large or small it proves to be (v.24).  The word “strive” is derived from a technical term for competing in the ancient Olympiad pointing to a full-hearted effort. This word is in the present and contrasts to comparison to those who “will attempt to enter” but when the door of opportunity is finally shut it will be too late (v.25). People must strive to enter now. There is inevitably a time-limit on the offer of salvation. After the master of the house has arisen and locked the door – The gospel text continues to indicate that the time is short, the kingdom is arriving even now, and thus it is important that a decision be made. Jesus’ parable of the narrow and soon shut door makes it clear that making a decision, and the right one, is crucial. Continue reading

Being saved: who

narrowdoorThis section continues Jesus’ formation of his disciples for their time to take up the mission of the proclamation of the kingdom of God. Jesus makes several references to the seriousness of the proclamation of God’s reign and to the need for a sober decision of discipleship to undertake the journey to Jerusalem with Jesus, a journey that will end in suffering and death (9:22–23).

Being Saved 23 Someone asked him, “Lord, will only a few people be saved?” He answered them, 24 “Strive to enter through the narrow gate, for many, I tell you, will attempt to enter but will not be strong enough. 25 After the master of the house has arisen and locked the door, then will you stand outside knocking and saying, ‘Lord, open the door for us.’ He will say to you in reply, ‘I do not know where you are from.’ Continue reading

Being saved: context

narrowdoor22 He passed through towns and villages, teaching as he went and making his way to Jerusalem. 23 Someone asked him, “Lord, will only a few people be saved?” He answered them, 24 “Strive to enter through the narrow gate, for many, I tell you, will attempt to enter but will not be strong enough. 25 After the master of the house has arisen and locked the door, then will you stand outside knocking and saying, ‘Lord, open the door for us.’ He will say to you in reply, ‘I do not know where you are from.’ 26 And you will say, ‘We ate and drank in your company and you taught in our streets.’ 27 Then he will say to you, ‘I do not know where (you) are from. Depart from me, all you evildoers!’ 28 And there will be wailing and grinding of teeth when you see Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob and all the prophets in the kingdom of God and you yourselves cast out. 29 And people will come from the east and the west and from the north and the south and will recline at table in the kingdom of God. 30 For behold, some are last who will be first, and some are first who will be last.” Continue reading

Assumption of Blessed Virgin Mary

Re-posted from last year….

Much of our religious consciousness is affected by art; we have inherited specific images that are more artistic than biblical.  For example, we always imagine St. Paul being knocked from a horse on the Damascus Road.  There is no mention of the horse in scripture.  Is that a bid deal? Perhaps not.  But when Caravaggio placed Paul on the horse, a sign of royalty, he removed Paul from the midst of Corinth, the hard-scrabbled sea port town, from among the drunks, slackards, ner-do-wells, and people who sorely needed salvation.

I think art has also done that to the image of Mary. Many of the paintings that illustrate the Assumption of Mary into heaven, show Mary floating upward on a cloud, carried away by angels and accompanied by cherubs. She hasn’t aged a day. Her hands are folded quietly, her eyes rolled up to heaven, her ties with earth—and with us—almost completely severed.  In these paintings, the people standing below look up at her with longing and with love, reaching out to grasp her robe or touch her feet—But it is too late. Mary has already left them behind – left us behind. Continue reading

A controlled burn

christ-dancing-christianI have come to set the earth on fire, and how I wish it were already blazing!” It probably seems that way in California this year. There have been 3,624 wildfires so far this year in that state. The Soberanes Fire in Monterey County is only 50% contained and has already consumed almost 70,000 acres, killed one person, and destroyed 57 homes. Jesus’ words are far too present and real.

The pristine forests in wilderness areas contain something just out of sight. These wildfires are made worse by the dead wood and organic materials that accumulate on the forest floor, adding to the underbrush. It all fuel. It just needs the right spark. It seems that Jesus is saying he is the spark and let the wildfires rage. Seriously? Isn’t it Jesus who tells us to love our enemies and do good to those who hate us Does not Jesus bless the peacemakers? Aren’t those the Jesus quotes we have on our refrigerators magnets? Does anyone really have a refrigerator magnet that says, “I have come to set the earth on fire, and how I wish it were already blazing!” Where is Jesus the peacemaker? But then Jesus takes on that image when he asks: “Do you think that I have come to establish peace on the earth?” Of course, our answer is:Well, …actually, …yes.” Jesus’ response is “Nope. I am bringing the purifying fire!”

In the Old Testament, the purifying fire Jesus seems to reference is most often associated with the fire that burns away impure religious practices. Not impure as in “not liturgically correct,” but rather impure in that they tended to make religion a source of false comfort, false peace – the thought that right religious practice and beliefs should exempt you from the suffering or disaster or poverty or even death all around you. The purifying fire was to burn away that which accumulated in the life of the church, the life of the believer, that kept you from life, from the hard realities in which we sometimes live, from working to be the ones who work for peace and for justice. The purifying fire was meant to burn away our images of who we want God to be, so that we could be who God wants us to be.

How are we to bring this purifying fire into our lives? There is the wildfire strategy: just let the forest grow as it wants, let the underbrush accumulate, and wait for the spark. Let nature take its course.

It seems to me that Christian life is not waiting for the wildfire. Not waiting for the fire of Pentecost to descend upon you, waiting for the Word of God to speak specifically to you, give you the life plan, or to present the one, life-changing moment when it all becomes clear because now the forest has burned and now you can truly see. Indeed, wildfire has the power to destroy and the power to foster regeneration and new growth. But waiting for the wildfire just makes you a lousy steward of gifts God has given you. And wasn’t that the point of last week’s gospel? Being a good and faithful steward?

Wildfire is one strategy, very dramatic and costly, but then there is the controlled burn strategy. Controlled burns are a way of stewarding the land we have been called to tend. In controlled burning, firefighters, farmers, or forestry professionals intentionally start fires in grasslands, fields, forests, and woodlands to eliminate undergrowth and overgrowth that can suppress healthy vegetation, harm wildlife habitat, and provide fuel for wildfires. Controlled burning can also replenish vital nutrients and help prevent the wildfires that ravage so much land and endanger lives.

I remember the 1988 Yellowstone National Park fires: almost 800,000 acres burned despite the efforts of 25,000 firefighters and $120 million in expenses. One of the positive outcomes of the 1988 Yellowstone forest tragedy was a change in fire management policy and greater awareness of potential fire activity throughout America’s national parks. A number of policies were modified, but one significant change opened the door for a more aggressive controlled burns program in the nation’s forests and parks. National parks implementing this strategy have realized increased fire fighter safety, greater control when a wildfire does break out, and a lower rate of wildfires exploding out of control.

There is a lesson to be learned for us. It seems to me that the Christian life is to bring the controlled burn of Jesus to our lives. The thing about the passage of Time is that it can soften the memories of days now past. By contrast it can make today feel particularly ominous, as if we’re living next to a parched forest. In electoral politics we could scarcely imagine wider dissatisfaction – or greater gaps in perception. Our leading presidential candidates have earned unfavorable polling ratings among the highest ever reported. Partisan animosity runs at historically high levels. Polling shows that Democrats and Republicans regard one another more negatively than they have in twenty-five years. Almost daily our social media friends refer to friending and unfriending people over political disagreements. Divisions abound. The forest floor of our lives, just out of sight, have all kinds of fuel, just waiting for the right spark: politics, race, religion, social class, wealth, privilege, access, sexual identity, education, and a host of other factors. This life needs people of good will and abiding faith to begin the daily, never-ending work of the controlled burn.

I always wondered why the Church paired this gospel with the other readings for today. They speak of perseverance, as St. Paul says: “Since we are surrounded by so great a cloud of witnesses, let us rid ourselves of every burden and sin that clings to us and persevere in running the race that lies before us while keeping our eyes fixed on Jesus.” There is the race: the controlled burn in our lives. It never ends. It is a process that is hard to begin and harder to sustain. Too often the wildfires of life rush upon us, and if we survive, we have the work of rebuilding – if we can.

So? What lies on the forest floor of your life? Make a list. It is a start. It is the gospel.

With the grace of God, may we begin and persevere in the work of controlled burn in our lives that we may burn away our images of who we want God to be, so that we will become who God wants us to be. Then we might just clearly see the Kingdom of God.

Asking Forgiveness

forgivenessThe Family Leadership Summit is an annual affair that promotes its conservative Evangelical Christian identity and values around the family. Given that it is Iowa based, it is no surprise that in 2015 the Republican-Party hopefuls were on the podium and present at “town hall” meetings. Given the audience and agenda, it should come as no surprise what kind of questions you are going to face – and, as any good speaker would pay attention to, what kind of language the audience is waiting to hear in any response. The questions came as no surprise: “What is your relationship to Jesus Christ? Are you saved? How does your faith form your political world view?” Continue reading

What divides: signs

christ-dancing-christianThe illustration (vv.54-55) seems to point to the weather patterns in the Near East. The Mediterranean Sea was to the west and winds from that direction brought rain. The desert was to the south and winds from that direction brought heat. It is not clear whether these words were spoken on the same occasion as the preceding verses. There is no direct connection. Matthew gives a similar saying in response to a request for a sign. Still, it is interesting to note that here, while Jesus is encouraging, exhorting people to “see,” he again uses the accusatory “hypocrite.” Jesus has only used this expression once before in Luke’s gospel: “How can you say to your brother, ‘Brother, let me remove that splinter in your eye,’ when you do not even notice the wooden beam in your own eye? You hypocrite! Remove the wooden beam from your eye first; then you will see clearly to remove the splinter in your brother’s eye” (Luke 6:42).

By calling them hypocrites Luke suggests that they share in the blindness of the lawyers (scholars of the law) who have “taken away the key of knowledge. You yourselves did not enter and you stopped those trying to enter” (Luke 11:52). Jesus concludes by saying that the people must interpret (12:56) and judge for themselves what is right (v.57)

“Interpret” (v. 56 twice) is a bit of a stretch as a translation of the Greek word dokimazo. The basic meaning of this word group is “to test”. The definitions given by Lowe & Nida [2:66] are:

  1. to try to learn the genuineness of something by examination and testing, often through actual use
  2. to regard something as being worthwhile or appropriate
  3. to regard something as genuine or worthy on the basis of testing

The second meaning seems to best fit our verse. The people “regard the appearances of earth and sky as worthwhile or appropriate.” That is, I think, they will take the time to check the direction of the wind. They plan their planting or harvesting or picnics or travel accordingly. They take seriously the direction of the wind and let that determine their actions. Are we are observant regarding the signs of our times?

Part of Culpepper’s (Luke, New Interpreters Bible, p.269) reflections on these verses:

To what do we pay close attention, and to what do we turn a blind eye?…

Jesus’ sayings challenge us to examine the inconsistencies between attention and neglect in our own lives, but the underlying challenge is to consider whether these inconsistencies reveal a pattern of prioritizing the insignificant while jeopardizing the things of greatest value and importance. Have we given as much attention to the health of the church as we have to our golf score? Have we given as much attention to the maintenance of our spiritual disciplines as to the maintenance schedule for our car? Where in the scale of our attention to detail does our devotion to the teachings of our Lord rank?

The signs of the time are everywhere, and so was spiritual blindness. Not reading this weather correctly is dangerous. Having issued warnings of approaching division and the nature of the times, Jesus calls on the multitudes to make one more judgment. He actually calls for their reflection: ”Why don’t you judge for yourselves what is right?” The picture is a simple one. The judgment in view is a legal, civil dispute (given Jesus mentions settling accounts prior to reaching the “magistrate.”) Failing to settle accounts you will end up in the hands of a praktor, a kind of sheriff, tax collector and general financial official. In this context the praktor is a sort of bailiff in charge of the debtors’ prison. Jesus’ advice is simple: settle up accounts and avoid prison. In fact, his imagery is graphic, for those who fail to settle accounts and are found guilty will be “thrown” to prison.

In Luke this is a key moment on the journey to Jerusalem. The disciples and the people are the ones on the road (13:58) who must make their decision now, before it is too late. If they do not settle things with their adversary – in this case the prophet who calls them to conversion – then it will be harder for them when judgment comes.

Jesus closes by assuring them that negligent debtors will certainly have to pay the debt, down to the very last copper coin. The use of the Greek double negative ou me makes his statement emphatic – you will never get out without payment.


Notes

Luke 12:59 the last penny: Greek, lepton, lit. “a very small amount.” Matthew 5:26 has for “the last penny” but uses the Greek word kodrantes (Latin quadrans, “farthing”). Only Mark 12:42 offers the explanation of the two lepta cast into the treasury: “that is, a quadrans.” The two lepta of Mark 12:42 together had a value of one sixty-fourth of a denarius. [EDNT 2:349-350]

Sources

  • Alan Culpepper, Luke in The New Interpreter’s Bible, Vol. IX (Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1995)
  • Joel Green, The Gospel of Luke, vol. 3 of The New International Commentary on the New Testament, ed. Gorden Fee (Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans, 1997)
  • Luke Timothy Johnson, The Gospel of Luke, vol. 3 of Sacra Pagina, ed. Daniel J. Harrington (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 1991) pp. 207-10
  • Jerome Kodell, “Luke” in The Collegeville Bible Commentary, eds. Diane Bergant and Robert J. Karris (Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical Press, 1989) p.960
  • Leon Morris,. Luke: An introduction and commentary. Tyndale New Testament Commentaries Vol. 3: (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1988) pp. 237-8
  • K. Beale and D. A. Carson, Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament (Grand Rapids, MI; Nottingham, UK: Baker Academic; Apollos, 2007) p. 332
  • Brian Stoffregen, “Brian P. Stoffregen Exegetical Notes” at www.crossmarks.com
  • Gerhard Kittel, Gerhard Friedrich and Geoffrey William Bromiley, Theological Dictionary of the New Testament (Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans, 1995) -Lang, pýr, VI:928-52 and Köster, “synéchō”,VII:877-87
  • Horst Robert Balz and Gerhard Schneider, Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1990-c1993) — Bieder, “baptizō “ 1:192-96 andSchwank, “lepton” 2:349-350

Scripture – Scripture quotes from New American Bible by Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, Inc., Washington, DC. © 1991, 1986, 1970